Scientific Functions

Scientific functions are available only when in [Sci] mode, and are as follows...

  [log]   Base 10 log
  [10X]   Inverse base 10 log
  [ln ]   Natural log
  [eX ]   Inverse natural log
  [x2 ]   Square
  [√x ]   Square root
  [x3 ]   Cube
  [3√x]   Cube root
  [yX ]   Universal power
  [x√y]   Universal root
  [1/x]   Inverse
  [ x!]   Factorial
  [ % ]   Percent
  [∆% ]   Delta percent
  [x•y]   Swap x with y
  [P>R]   Polar to rectangular coordinates
  [R>P]   Rectangular to polar coordinates
  [>DMS]  Decimal to degree/minute/second conversion
  [>MSF]  Decimal to minute/second/frame conversion
  [>ftin] Decimal to foot/inch conversion
  [>DEC]  Current units to decimal conversion

The percent function works with the [ + ], [ - ], [ x ], and [ ÷ ] keys, or by itself, to perform the following functions...

  X[ + ]Y[ % ][ = ]   Mark-up  ( X plus Y% of X )
  X[ - ]Y[ % ][ = ]   Discount  ( X minus Y% of X )
  X[ x ]Y[ % ][ = ]   Percentage  ( Y% of X )
  X[ ÷ ]Y[ % ][ = ]   Ratio  ( X is what % of Y )
  X[ % ]              Percent to decimal conversion
  X[∆% ]Y[ = ]        Delta percent  ( ( ( X - Y ) ÷ Y) x 100% )

The delta percent function is activated by pressing the [2nd] button followed by the percent button, and calculates the change in percentage that occurs between two numbers, expressed as a percentage of the second number.

NOTE: The percent function operates differently when in RPN mode. It calculates percentages without using the [ x ] button. You can also use it in combination with the [ + ] or [ - ] button to calculate markups and discounts. For example, to calculate 25% of 300, you would enter 300 [Enter] 25 [ % ] to get a result of 75. To calculate 300 + 25%, enter 300 [Enter] 25 [ % ] [ + ] to get a result of 375. To calculate 300 - 25%, enter 300 [Enter] 25 [ % ] [ - ] to get a result of 225.

The [x•y] function, in addition to being used in polar to rectangular conversions, can also be used to swap the currently displayed value with the last entered operand. This also effects the automatic constant. 

Polar to rectangular and rectangular to polar calculations are performed by entering the x or r value, pressing the [x•y] button to save the x value, entering the y or Ø value, then executing the function by pressing the [R>P] or [P>R] button. The resulting r or x result is immediately shown in the display. The Ø or y part of the result is retrieved by pressing [x•y] to retrieve the y value.

NOTE: In RPN mode, all functions that operate on two values, including delta percent, power, root, and polar to rectangular conversions, accept the x (or r) value in the X register, and the y (or Ø) value in the Y register. The delta percent function, when in RPN mode, also preserves the original y value in the Y register after the calculation, as is standard for most RPN calculators.

The decimal to units conversion functions convert the display to and from the current units as selected in the Units menu. This effects the display only, the internal value is always retained in decimal format, as are values cut, copied, logged to tape, or saved to the memories. Values displayed in the memory and RPN stack popups are also displayed in decimal format. The label of the decimal to units conversion button changes to reflect the currently selected units in the Units menu. See “Direct Units Calculations” for more information.

The trigonometric functions are as follows...

  [sin], [cos], [tan]     Standard trig functions
  [asin], [acos], [atan]  Inverse trig functions, press [2nd] button first
  [Hyp]                 Enables hyperbolic equivalents of the above
  [ π ]                 Enter the value of Pi (3.141592653589793...)

The [2nd] and [Hyp] buttons can be used separately or together to invoke the arc (inverse) and hyperbolic trig functions. For instance, if you want the hyperbolic arc sin of a number in the display, depress the [Hyp] and [2nd] buttons before pressing the [sin] button.

You can enter angles in degrees, radians, or grads, depending on the current angle mode as shown in the display. To change the current angle mode, press the [DRG] button. You can convert angles between degrees, radians, and grads by using the [>DRG] button (press the [2nd] button followed by the [DRG] button). All trig calculations, both input and results, use the current angle mode for calculation and display.

Numbers can be entered in scientific notation by entering the mantissa, pressing the [EXP] (Exponent) button, and then entering the exponent (-99...99).